Brief Notes on Indian Polity ( Making of Constitution ) for SSC CGL,CHSL,SSC GD,RAIL,UPSC,PSC & State or Central exams
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Today a short notes on Indian Polity ( Making of Constitution ) has been given for the upcoming exams like SSC CGL,CHSL,RRB,UPSC,PSC and other central or state exams.Follow our notes and quiz on regular basis that will help you to enrich your Gk stock.The topic of the day is Making of Constitution.So let's start-
● The Indian constitution was framed by the constituent Assembly of India set up under Cabinet Mission Plan of May 16, 1946.
Composition of Constituent Assembly :
● The constituent Assembly consisted of 385 members,of which 292 were elected by the elected mbers of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies while 93 members were nominated by Princely States
● B N Rao was appointed the constitutional advisor of the Assembly.
● The First meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place on December 9, 1946 with Dr Sachhidananda Sinha as its interim President. Dr.Rajendra Prasad was elected as its President on Decem ber 11, 1946.
● The Drafting Committee prepared the draft of the Constitution.Its Chairman was Dr. B R Ambedkar.
● It was finally passed and accepted on November 26, 1949, which came into effect on January 26, 1950,known and celebrated as the Republic Day of India.
● Constiuent Assembly took 2 years, 11 months ,18 days to complete the Constitution.
● Originally it had 395 articles and 8 schedules ( 12 at present ).
● Constituent Assembly adopted our National Flag on July 22, 1947. It was designed by Pingali Venkaiah of Andhra Pradesh.
Preamble to The Constitution
● It is a preface or the introduction to the Constitution.The interpretation of the Constitution is based on the spirit of Preamble.
● The 'Objective Resolution' proposed by Pandit Nehru and passed by the constiuent Assembly , ultimately became the Preamble.
● The Words 'SOCIALIST', 'SECULAR', and 'UNITY & INTEGRITY' were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
● Preamble is not enforceable in a court of law.
Borrowed Features of the Constitution
From UK :
● Nominal Head - President ( like Queen).
● Cabinet System of Ministers
● Post of PM
● Parliamentary Type of Govt.
● Bicameral Parliament.
● Council of Ministers responsible to Lower House.
● Speaker in the Lok Sabha.
● Single citizenship
From US :
● Written Constitution.
● Executive head of state known as President and he is being of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
● Vice-President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
● Fundamental Rights.
● Supreme Court.
● Independence of Judiciary and Process of Judicial review.
● Preamble.
From USSR( Former ) :
● Fundamental Duties.
● Concurrent list.
● Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency.
From South Africa :
● Procedure of Constitutional Amendments.
From Canada :
● Dustribution of Powers between Centre and the States and placing Residuary Powers with the Centre.
From Ireland :
● Concept of Directive Principles of State Policy.
● Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President.
To enforce the Fundamental Rights, the Supreme Court is empowered under Article 32 to issue writs of various forms.
Right to Equality :
● Article 14 - Equality before law and equal protection of law
● Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion,race,caste,sex or place of birth.
● Article 16 - Equality of opportunity in matters of Public employment.
● Article 17 - End of untouchability.
● Article 18 - Abolition of titles.Military and Academic distinctions are,however, exempted.
Right to Freedom :
● Article 19 - It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamental freedoms.
a) Freedom of Speech and Expression.
b) Freedom of Assembly.
c) Freedom to form Associations.
d) Freedom of Movement
e) Freedom of Residence and Settlement.
f) Freedom of Profession,Occupation, Trade or Business.
● Article 20 - Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
● Article 21 - Protection of life and personal liberty.
● Article 21A - Right to education to all children of 6-14 years.
● Article 22 - Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right Against Exploitation :
● Article 23 - Traffic in human beings and forced labour are prohibited.
● Article 24 - No child below the age of 14 can be employed.
Right to Freedom of Religion :
● Article 25 - Freedom of Conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
● Article 26 - Freedom to manage religious affairs.
● Article 27 - Prohibits taxes on religious grounds.
● Article 28 - Freedom as to attendence at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions.
Cultural and Educational Rights
● Article 29 - Protection of interests of minorities.
● Article 30 - Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Right to Constitutional Remedies :
● Article 32 - The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation ( called Soul and Heart of the Constitution by BR Ambedkar ).
Forms of Writs
● Habeas Corpus - It is the nature of an order calling upon the person who has detained another to produce the latter before the court, in order to let the court know on what grounds he has been confined and to set him free if there is no legal justification.
● Mandamus - Literally means a 'command' issued by the court commanding a person or a public authority to do or forbear to do something in the nature of public duty.
● Prohibition - By a higher court to stop proceedings in a lower court on the ground of over-stepping of jurisdiction or isolation of the rules of natural justice.
● Centiorari - It is a writ,which orders the removal of a suit from an inferior court to a superior court.
● Quo Warranto - Quo warranto is a proceedings whereby the court enquires into the legality of the claim which a party asserts to a public office and to oust him from its enjoyment if the claim be not well founded.
Directive Principles of State Policy
● Mentioned under Part IV of the constitution covering Article 36 to 51.
● They tell about the aims that the state should strive to achieve.
● They are a unique blend of socialistic,liberal,democratic and Gandhian Principles.
Fundamental Duties
● Added by 42nd amendment in 1976 on the basis of Swarn Singh Cimmitte report.
● There are eleven Fundamental Duties which are contained in Article 51 A.
● 11th fundamental duty has been added by the 86th Amendment Act,2002.
Read more :
Click Here for Geography Notes => Geography Notes
Click Here for History Notes => History Notes
--------------------------------------------
Today We have posted an well organised short notes on Making of Constitution ( Indian Polity ).
Hope You guys will like it and it will help you to to score well in upcoming exams. Visit our site daily for new notes,quiz and many more.
Thank you.
Hello Readers,welcome to Job Guide,A friendly website that you need most in competitive field.Job guide will guide through the path of your struggle to get a Govt. Job.
Today a short notes on Indian Polity ( Making of Constitution ) has been given for the upcoming exams like SSC CGL,CHSL,RRB,UPSC,PSC and other central or state exams.Follow our notes and quiz on regular basis that will help you to enrich your Gk stock.The topic of the day is Making of Constitution.So let's start-
Making of the Constitution :
Composition of Constituent Assembly :
● The constituent Assembly consisted of 385 members,of which 292 were elected by the elected mbers of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies while 93 members were nominated by Princely States
● B N Rao was appointed the constitutional advisor of the Assembly.
● The First meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place on December 9, 1946 with Dr Sachhidananda Sinha as its interim President. Dr.Rajendra Prasad was elected as its President on Decem ber 11, 1946.
● The Drafting Committee prepared the draft of the Constitution.Its Chairman was Dr. B R Ambedkar.
● It was finally passed and accepted on November 26, 1949, which came into effect on January 26, 1950,known and celebrated as the Republic Day of India.
● Constiuent Assembly took 2 years, 11 months ,18 days to complete the Constitution.
● Originally it had 395 articles and 8 schedules ( 12 at present ).
● Constituent Assembly adopted our National Flag on July 22, 1947. It was designed by Pingali Venkaiah of Andhra Pradesh.
Preamble to The Constitution
● It is a preface or the introduction to the Constitution.The interpretation of the Constitution is based on the spirit of Preamble.
● The 'Objective Resolution' proposed by Pandit Nehru and passed by the constiuent Assembly , ultimately became the Preamble.
● The Words 'SOCIALIST', 'SECULAR', and 'UNITY & INTEGRITY' were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
● Preamble is not enforceable in a court of law.
Borrowed Features of the Constitution
From UK :
● Nominal Head - President ( like Queen).
● Cabinet System of Ministers
● Post of PM
● Parliamentary Type of Govt.
● Bicameral Parliament.
● Council of Ministers responsible to Lower House.
● Speaker in the Lok Sabha.
● Single citizenship
From US :
● Written Constitution.
● Executive head of state known as President and he is being of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
● Vice-President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
● Fundamental Rights.
● Supreme Court.
● Independence of Judiciary and Process of Judicial review.
● Preamble.
From USSR( Former ) :
● Fundamental Duties.
● Concurrent list.
● Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency.
From South Africa :
● Procedure of Constitutional Amendments.
From Canada :
● Dustribution of Powers between Centre and the States and placing Residuary Powers with the Centre.
From Ireland :
● Concept of Directive Principles of State Policy.
● Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President.
To enforce the Fundamental Rights, the Supreme Court is empowered under Article 32 to issue writs of various forms.
Fundamental Rights
Right to Equality :
● Article 14 - Equality before law and equal protection of law
● Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion,race,caste,sex or place of birth.
● Article 16 - Equality of opportunity in matters of Public employment.
● Article 17 - End of untouchability.
● Article 18 - Abolition of titles.Military and Academic distinctions are,however, exempted.
Right to Freedom :
● Article 19 - It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamental freedoms.
a) Freedom of Speech and Expression.
b) Freedom of Assembly.
c) Freedom to form Associations.
d) Freedom of Movement
e) Freedom of Residence and Settlement.
f) Freedom of Profession,Occupation, Trade or Business.
● Article 20 - Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
● Article 21 - Protection of life and personal liberty.
● Article 21A - Right to education to all children of 6-14 years.
● Article 22 - Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right Against Exploitation :
● Article 23 - Traffic in human beings and forced labour are prohibited.
● Article 24 - No child below the age of 14 can be employed.
Right to Freedom of Religion :
● Article 25 - Freedom of Conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
● Article 26 - Freedom to manage religious affairs.
● Article 27 - Prohibits taxes on religious grounds.
● Article 28 - Freedom as to attendence at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions.
Cultural and Educational Rights
● Article 29 - Protection of interests of minorities.
● Article 30 - Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Right to Constitutional Remedies :
● Article 32 - The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation ( called Soul and Heart of the Constitution by BR Ambedkar ).
Forms of Writs
● Habeas Corpus - It is the nature of an order calling upon the person who has detained another to produce the latter before the court, in order to let the court know on what grounds he has been confined and to set him free if there is no legal justification.
● Mandamus - Literally means a 'command' issued by the court commanding a person or a public authority to do or forbear to do something in the nature of public duty.
● Prohibition - By a higher court to stop proceedings in a lower court on the ground of over-stepping of jurisdiction or isolation of the rules of natural justice.
● Centiorari - It is a writ,which orders the removal of a suit from an inferior court to a superior court.
● Quo Warranto - Quo warranto is a proceedings whereby the court enquires into the legality of the claim which a party asserts to a public office and to oust him from its enjoyment if the claim be not well founded.
Directive Principles of State Policy
● Mentioned under Part IV of the constitution covering Article 36 to 51.
● They tell about the aims that the state should strive to achieve.
● They are a unique blend of socialistic,liberal,democratic and Gandhian Principles.
Fundamental Duties
● Added by 42nd amendment in 1976 on the basis of Swarn Singh Cimmitte report.
● There are eleven Fundamental Duties which are contained in Article 51 A.
● 11th fundamental duty has been added by the 86th Amendment Act,2002.
Read more :
Click Here for Geography Notes => Geography Notes
Click Here for History Notes => History Notes
--------------------------------------------
Today We have posted an well organised short notes on Making of Constitution ( Indian Polity ).
Hope You guys will like it and it will help you to to score well in upcoming exams. Visit our site daily for new notes,quiz and many more.
Thank you.
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